Data: Good
Mercury
Other Concerns
Use restrictions (high), Persistence and bioaccumulation (high), Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (high), Ecotoxicology (low), and Occupational hazards (high)SYNONYMS
Unacceptable
Unacceptable: EWG VERIFIED products cannot contain this ingredient
Common concerns
See how this product scores for common concerns.
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LOWCancer
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LOWAllergies & Immunotoxicity
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MODERATEDevelopmental and Reproductive Toxicity
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HIGHUse Restrictions
Ingredient concerns
- CONCERNS
- DATA SOURCES
Products with this Ingredient
Cancer
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Not likely to be carcinogenic in humans | International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) |
Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Limited evidence of reproductive toxicity | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes |
Limited evidence of toxicity | US National Library of Medicine, |
Possible human [[system]] toxicant | Peer Reviewed Literature |
Ecotoxicology
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Wildlife and environmental toxicity | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes |
Wildlife and environmental toxicity | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada |
Suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada |
Wildlife and environmental toxicity | European Union |
Occupational hazards
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to very low doses | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes |
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes |
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to high doses | Peer Reviewed Literature |
Single case study detailing occupational hazards | Peer Reviewed Literature |
Use restrictions
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Violation of government restrictions - Banned or found unsafe for use in cosmetics | Health Canada |
Violation of government restrictions - Banned or found unsafe for use in cosmetics | EU Cosmetics Directive |
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Restricted for use in cosmetics by the FDA (US) | US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
Violation of government restrictions - Banned or found unsafe for use in cosmetics | Japan Ministry of Health |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful | Environment Canada |
Limited evidence of kidney toxicity | US National Library of Medicine, |
Limited evidence of respiratory toxicity | US National Library of Medicine, |
reproductive - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study | US National Library of Medicine, |
One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Known human respiratory toxicant | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada |
Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife and humans | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | Environment Canada |
Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy |
Data gaps
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Insufficient data to determine safety | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Limited evidence of immune system toxicity or allergies | US National Library of Medicine, |
Neurotoxicity
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
nervous system - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study | US National Library of Medicine, |
Endocrine disruption
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
endocrine - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study | Our Stolen Future |
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes
- US National Library of Medicine,
- Peer Reviewed Literature
- Environment Canada
- European Union
- Health Canada
- EU Cosmetics Directive
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- Japan Ministry of Health
- Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy
- Our Stolen Future
Understanding scores
Cosmetics and personal care products are not required to be tested for safety before being allowed on the market. The Skin Deep® scoring system was designed to help the public understand whether a product is safe to use or whether it contains ingredients of concern.
Every product and ingredient in Skin Deep gets a two-part score – one for hazard and one for data availability. The safest products score well by both measures, with a low hazard rating and a fair or better data availability rating.
HOW WE DETERMINE SCORES
Hazard score
The Skin Deep ingredient hazard score, from 1 to 10, reflects known and suspected hazards linked to the ingredients. The EWG Verified® mark means a product meets EWG’s strictest criteria for transparency and health.
Data availability
The Skin Deep data availability rating reflects the number of scientific studies about the product or ingredient in the published scientific literature.