1,4-Dioxane
California Water Service - Livermore
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 0.0291 ppb | 11 | 1 | ND - 0.320 ppb |
| 2015 | ND | 6 | 0 | ND |
| 2016 | ND | 1 | 0 | ND |
| 2017 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2018 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2019 | ND | 1 | 0 | ND |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-01-16 | 201401170418AM | ND |
| 2014-04-02 | 201404030438AM | 0.320 ppb |
| 2014-04-09 | 201404100748AM | ND |
| 2014-04-09 | 201404100777AM | ND |
| 2014-04-16 | 201404220196AM | ND |
| 2014-04-16 | 201404220188AM | ND |
| 2014-05-07 | 201405080514AM | ND |
| 2014-07-22 | 201407250230AM | ND |
| 2014-07-22 | 201407250140AM | ND |
| 2014-10-15 | 201410160427AM | ND |
| 2014-10-16 | 201410170101AM | ND |
| 2015-01-13 | 201501140677AM | ND |
| 2015-02-18 | 201502190940AM | ND |
| 2015-02-18 | 201502191033AM | ND |
| 2015-03-25 | 201503260895AM | ND |
| 2015-04-21 | 201504220609AM | ND |
| 2015-12-15 | 201512160547AM | ND |
| 2016-01-18 | 201601190223AM | ND |
| 2019-04-04 | 9588-013-1259 | ND |