1,4-Dioxane
Lakewood Water Department
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 1.33 ppb | 6 | 5 | ND - 2.10 ppb |
| 2015 | 1.44 ppb | 30 | 23 | ND - 3.50 ppb |
| 2016 | 2.61 ppb | 14 | 11 | ND - 4.70 ppb |
| 2017 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2018 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2019 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-14 | 2706-001-0958 | 1.20 ppb |
| 2014-08-14 | 2706-015-1114 | 1.80 ppb |
| 2014-08-14 | 2706-016-1014 | 2.10 ppb |
| 2014-11-24 | 2706-001-1030 | ND |
| 2014-11-24 | 2706-015-0950 | 1.30 ppb |
| 2014-11-24 | 2706-016-1005 | 1.60 ppb |
| 2015-02-17 | 2706-001-1220 | 1.70 ppb |
| 2015-02-17 | 2706-016-1150 | 2.30 ppb |
| 2015-02-17 | 2706-015-1130 | 2.20 ppb |
| 2015-02-25 | 201501200567AM | 0.200 ppb |
| 2015-02-25 | 201501200558AM | ND |
| 2015-02-25 | 201501200559AM | 2.50 ppb |
| 2015-02-25 | 201501200556AM | 0.630 ppb |
| 2015-02-25 | 201501200560AM | ND |
| 2015-02-25 | 201501200557AM | ND |
| 2015-02-25 | 201501200566AM | 0.260 ppb |
| 2015-02-25 | 201501200574AM | 3.00 ppb |
| 2015-02-25 | 201501200572AM | 3.50 ppb |
| 2015-04-30 | 201505110161AM | ND |
| 2015-05-28 | 2706-001-1425 | 1.70 ppb |
| 2015-05-28 | 2706-016-1400 | 2.10 ppb |
| 2015-05-28 | 2706-015-1340 | 2.70 ppb |
| 2015-08-25 | 201508260439AM | 0.260 ppb |
| 2015-08-25 | 201508260441AM | 3.50 ppb |
| 2015-08-25 | 201508260437AM | ND |
| 2015-08-25 | 201508260447AM | 3.00 ppb |
| 2015-08-25 | 201508260443AM | ND |
| 2015-08-25 | 201508260429AM | 0.180 ppb |
| 2015-08-25 | 201508260431AM | ND |
| 2015-08-25 | 201508260433AM | 1.90 ppb |
| 2015-09-17 | 2706-015-0932 | 2.50 ppb |
| 2015-09-17 | 2706-001-0950 | 1.30 ppb |
| 2015-09-17 | 2706-016-0940 | 1.90 ppb |
| 2015-11-19 | 2706-001-0957 | 1.50 ppb |
| 2015-11-19 | 2706-015-0932 | 2.40 ppb |
| 2015-11-19 | 2706-016-0945 | 1.90 ppb |
| 2016-02-24 | 9588-015-1330 | 4.00 ppb |
| 2016-02-24 | 9588-001-1400 | 2.30 ppb |
| 2016-02-24 | 9588-016-1345 | 3.50 ppb |
| 2016-05-25 | 9588-001-1115 | 2.00 ppb |
| 2016-05-25 | 9588-015-1040 | 3.50 ppb |
| 2016-05-25 | 9588-016-1100 | ND |
| 2016-08-25 | 9588-001-1310 | 2.30 ppb |
| 2016-08-25 | 9588-015-1335 | 4.30 ppb |
| 2016-08-25 | 9588-016-1325 | 3.80 ppb |
| 2016-09-15 | 9588-052-1125 | ND |
| 2016-09-15 | 9588-052-1105 | ND |
| 2016-11-22 | 9588-001-1130 | 2.00 ppb |
| 2016-11-22 | 9588-015-1200 | 4.70 ppb |
| 2016-11-22 | 9588-016-1145 | 4.10 ppb |