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EWG's Tap Water Database — 2021 UPDATE

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Haloacetic acids (HAA5)

City of Flagstaff

Haloacetic acids are formed when disinfectants such as chlorine are added to tap water. The group of five haloacetic acids regulated by federal standards includes monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid. Read More.

Haloacetic acids are harmful during pregnancy and may increase the risk of cancer. Haloacetic acids are� genotoxic, which means that they induce mutations and DNA damage. Multiple studies by the National Toxicology Program have demonstrated the cancer-causing properties of individual haloacetic acids in laboratory animals. The Department of Health and Human Services is currently considering listing di- or tri-haloacetic acids for possible inclusion in its comprehensive Report on Carcinogens.

Click here to read more about disinfection byproducts.

MORE ABOUT THIS CONTAMINANT

 

192

Samples

8

Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)

162

Samples exceeding
health guidelines

Testing results - average by year

 
YearAverage resultSamples takenDetectionsRange of results
2013N/A00N/A
201420.4 ppb3231ND - 77.0 ppb
201530.3 ppb3226ND - 96.0 ppb
20165.96 ppb3221ND - 17.0 ppb
201714.4 ppb3229ND - 31.0 ppb
20189.54 ppb3229ND - 25.0 ppb
201915.6 ppb3226ND - 36.0 ppb

ppb = parts per billion

State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines

EWG Health Guideline 0.1 ppb

The EWG Health Guideline of 0.1 ppb for the group of five haloacetic acids, or HAA5, was defined in a peer-reviewed scientific study by EWG and represents a one-in-a-million lifetime cancer risk level. This health guideline protects against cancer.

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 60 ppb

The legal limit for the group of five haloacetic acids (HAA5), established in 1998, was based on the need for residual disinfectant levels in water served to customers and the cost of treatment. This limit does not fully protect against the risk of cancer and harm to the developing fetus due to exposure to haloacetic acids.

ppb = parts per billion

All test results

Date Lab ID Result
2014-02-1320140215009416.0 ppb
2014-02-13201402150095ND
2014-02-132014021500963.40 ppb
2014-02-132014021500983.70 ppb
2014-02-1320140215009927.0 ppb
2014-02-1320140215010027.0 ppb
2014-02-1320140215010118.0 ppb
2014-02-1320140215010318.0 ppb
2014-05-2820140529061377.0 ppb
2014-05-2820140529061466.0 ppb
2014-05-282014052906155.60 ppb
2014-05-2820140529061723.0 ppb
2014-05-2820140529061850.0 ppb
2014-05-2820140529062033.0 ppb
2014-05-2820140529062131.0 ppb
2014-05-2820140529062231.0 ppb
2014-08-202014082200164.00 ppb
2014-08-202014082200173.60 ppb
2014-08-2020140822001815.0 ppb
2014-08-202014082200201.40 ppb
2014-08-202014082200214.90 ppb
2014-08-202014082200234.30 ppb
2014-08-202014082200245.00 ppb
2014-08-202014082200256.30 ppb
2014-11-1320141115012136.0 ppb
2014-11-1320141115012231.0 ppb
2014-11-1320141115012347.0 ppb
2014-11-1320141115012510.00 ppb
2014-11-1320141115012614.0 ppb
2014-11-1320141115012814.0 ppb
2014-11-1320141115012911.0 ppb
2014-11-1320141115013014.0 ppb
2015-02-1720150218035152.0 ppb
2015-02-1720150218035260.0 ppb
2015-02-1720150218035363.0 ppb
2015-02-17201502180355ND
2015-02-172015021803564.10 ppb
2015-02-1720150218035824.0 ppb
2015-02-1720150218035922.0 ppb
2015-02-1720150218036024.0 ppb
2015-05-1420150515032496.0 ppb
2015-05-1420150515032540.0 ppb
2015-05-1420150515032654.0 ppb
2015-05-1420150515032859.0 ppb
2015-05-142015051503296.80 ppb
2015-05-1420150515033183.0 ppb
2015-05-1420150515033282.0 ppb
2015-05-1420150515033317.0 ppb
2015-08-1320150814031363.0 ppb
2015-08-1320150814031432.0 ppb
2015-08-132015081403158.90 ppb
2015-08-1320150814031661.0 ppb
2015-08-1320150814031756.0 ppb
2015-08-1320150814031818.0 ppb
2015-08-1320150814031918.0 ppb
2015-08-1320150814032017.0 ppb
2015-11-10201511110726ND
2015-11-10201511110727ND
2015-11-10201511110728ND
2015-11-10201511110729ND
2015-11-10201511110730ND
2015-11-102015111107313.20 ppb
2015-11-102015111107322.70 ppb
2015-11-102015111107333.40 ppb
2016-02-09201601200221ND
2016-02-09201601200222ND
2016-02-09201601200223ND
2016-02-09201601200224ND
2016-02-09201601200225ND
2016-02-09201601200226ND
2016-02-09201601200227ND
2016-02-09201601200228ND
2016-05-1120160330012014.0 ppb
2016-05-1120160330012114.0 ppb
2016-05-1120160330012214.0 ppb
2016-05-112016033001236.90 ppb
2016-05-112016033001246.90 ppb
2016-05-112016033001253.30 ppb
2016-05-1120160330012611.0 ppb
2016-05-112016033001276.70 ppb
2016-08-092016081001287.20 ppb
2016-08-09201608100129ND
2016-08-09201608100130ND
2016-08-092016081001317.00 ppb
2016-08-092016081001326.80 ppb
2016-08-092016081001335.40 ppb
2016-08-092016081001345.30 ppb
2016-08-092016081001355.90 ppb
2016-11-0820161110043714.0 ppb
2016-11-08201611100438ND
2016-11-082016111004395.20 ppb
2016-11-0820161110044017.0 ppb
2016-11-0820161110044114.0 ppb
2016-11-082016111004428.40 ppb
2016-11-082016111004439.10 ppb
2016-11-082016111004448.70 ppb
2017-02-08201612280039ND
2017-02-0820161228004011.0 ppb
2017-02-08201612280041ND
2017-02-082016122800425.80 ppb
2017-02-082016122800435.50 ppb
2017-02-082016122800449.80 ppb
2017-02-082016122800454.90 ppb
2017-02-082016122800464.80 ppb
2017-05-092017032900033.70 ppb
2017-05-0920170329000428.0 ppb
2017-05-0920170329000531.0 ppb
2017-05-0920170329000617.0 ppb
2017-05-0920170329000718.0 ppb
2017-05-0920170329000823.0 ppb
2017-05-0920170329000928.0 ppb
2017-05-0920170329001016.0 ppb
2017-08-0820170809115127.0 ppb
2017-08-0820170809115228.0 ppb
2017-08-0820170809115324.0 ppb
2017-08-0820170809115421.0 ppb
2017-08-08201708091155ND
2017-08-082017080911568.70 ppb
2017-08-0820170809115715.0 ppb
2017-08-0820170809115823.0 ppb
2017-11-062017092700129.40 ppb
2017-11-0620170927001317.0 ppb
2017-11-0620170927001414.0 ppb
2017-11-0620170927001512.0 ppb
2017-11-0620170927001615.0 ppb
2017-11-0620170927001716.0 ppb
2017-11-062017092700188.30 ppb
2017-11-0620170927001915.0 ppb
2018-02-0520180102042124.0 ppb
2018-02-05201801020422ND
2018-02-0520180102042320.0 ppb
2018-02-0520180102042410.00 ppb
2018-02-0520180102042511.0 ppb
2018-02-052018010204269.80 ppb
2018-02-0520180102042725.0 ppb
2018-02-0520180102042811.0 ppb
2018-05-072018033101056.00 ppb
2018-05-0720180331010611.0 ppb
2018-05-072018033101079.00 ppb
2018-05-072018033101087.00 ppb
2018-05-072018033101098.30 ppb
2018-05-07201803310110ND
2018-05-072018033101118.00 ppb
2018-05-072018033101125.20 ppb
2018-08-072018080902444.80 ppb
2018-08-0720180809024516.0 ppb
2018-08-072018080902463.30 ppb
2018-08-072018080902474.80 ppb
2018-08-072018080902485.00 ppb
2018-08-0720180809024914.0 ppb
2018-08-0720180809025019.0 ppb
2018-08-0720180809025114.0 ppb
2018-11-052018092900915.70 ppb
2018-11-052018092900928.50 ppb
2018-11-05201809290093ND
2018-11-0520180929009411.0 ppb
2018-11-0520180929009510.00 ppb
2018-11-052018092900969.00 ppb
2018-11-052018092900974.90 ppb
2018-11-0520180929009810.00 ppb
2019-02-06201812310021ND
2019-02-062018123100226.40 ppb
2019-02-0620181231002310.00 ppb
2019-02-062018123100243.10 ppb
2019-02-062018123100255.50 ppb
2019-02-06201812310026ND
2019-02-06201812310027ND
2019-02-062018123100283.50 ppb
2019-05-0720190508076429.0 ppb
2019-05-0720190508076517.0 ppb
2019-05-0720190508076614.0 ppb
2019-05-0720190508076730.0 ppb
2019-05-0720190508076836.0 ppb
2019-05-0720190508076929.0 ppb
2019-05-0720190508077026.0 ppb
2019-05-0720190508077127.0 ppb
2019-08-0520190701001918.0 ppb
2019-08-0520190701002011.0 ppb
2019-08-0520190701002120.0 ppb
2019-08-0520190701002225.0 ppb
2019-08-05201907010023ND
2019-08-0520190701002413.0 ppb
2019-08-0520190701002524.0 ppb
2019-08-0520190701002626.0 ppb
2019-11-04201909300015ND
2019-11-0420190930001628.0 ppb
2019-11-0420190930001728.0 ppb
2019-11-0420190930001817.0 ppb
2019-11-04201909300019ND
2019-11-042019093000203.40 ppb
2019-11-0420190930002124.0 ppb
2019-11-0420190930002226.0 ppb