EPA testing shows this substance has high acute toxicity to aquatic life
|
some
|
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Fathead Minnow Acute Toxicity Database
|
Recognized by the European Union as a skin allergen
|
some
|
EU Cosmetics Directive: Allergen list
|
The European Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety reports this substance is an established contact allergen in humans.
|
some
|
EU Cosmetics Directive: Opinion on Frangrance allergens in cosmetics (2011)
|
dermatitis, skin allergy
|
some
|
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1994. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Limonene.
|
This peer-reviewed study reports this substance causes occupational asthma.
|
some
|
Fabrizio Guarneri, Olga Barbuzza, Mario Vaccaro & Giuseppe Galtieri. 2008. Allergic contact dermatitis and asthma caused by limonene in a labourer handling citrus fruits. Contact dermatitis 58(5), 315-6.
|
skin irritation
|
some
|
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1994. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Limonene.
|
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Panel concluded this substance is safe for use when formulated to be non-sensitizing.
|
some
|
Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR): CIR Assessments
|
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel concludes this substance is safe for use when formulated to be non-irritating.
|
some
|
Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR): CIR Assessments
|
Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
|
low
|
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
|
A review article reports this substance may have anticarcinogenic activity
|
low
|
F. Bakkali, S. Averbeck, D. Averbeck & M. Idaomar. 2008. Biological effects of essential oils--a review. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 46(2), 446-75.
|
A peer-reviewed study reports that botanical oils prevent oxidative damage.
|
low
|
Kevin P. Anthony, Suziat A. Deolu-Sobogun & Mahmoud A. Saleh. 2012. Comprehensive assessment of antioxidant activity of essential oils. Journal of food science 77(8), C839-43.
|
This substance is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) as a food additive by the US Food and Drug Administration
Only in: Household Cleaners
|
low
|
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): FDA - Priority based Assessment of Food Additive (PAFA)
|
A review article reports this substance is not mutagenic
|
low
|
F. Bakkali, S. Averbeck, D. Averbeck & M. Idaomar. 2008. Biological effects of essential oils--a review. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 46(2), 446-75.
|
This substance is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) as a food additive by the US Food and Drug Administration
Only in: Household Cleaners
|
low
|
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): FDA - Priority based Assessment of Food Additive (PAFA)
|
developmental and reproductive toxicity
|
low
|
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1994. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Limonene.
|
mutagenicity and/or DNA damage
|
low
|
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1994. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Limonene.
|