A peer-revieweds study reports that, in rats, maternal honey consumption linked to lower testosterone levels in male offspring.
M. N. Haron & M. Mohamed. 2016. Effect of honey on the reproductive system of male rat offspring exposed to prenatal restraint stress. Andrologia 48(5), 525-31.
Concerns from impurities
Impurity: 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL
A review article reports that this substance is genotoxic and carcinogenic based on in vivo and in vitro testing.
Ummay Mahfuza Shapla, Md Solayman, Nadia Alam, Md Ibrahim Khalil & Siew Hua Gan. 2018. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels in honey and other food products: effects on bees and human health. Chemistry Central journal 12(1), 35.
Impurity: 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL
A review article reports that this substance is toxic to the kidneys.
Ummay Mahfuza Shapla, Md Solayman, Nadia Alam, Md Ibrahim Khalil & Siew Hua Gan. 2018. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels in honey and other food products: effects on bees and human health. Chemistry Central journal 12(1), 35.
Impurity: 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL
An assessment by the National Toxicology Program reports limited evidence of carcinogenicity.
National Toxicology Program. 2010. NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (CAS No. 67-47-0) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 554.