A peer-reviewed study found this substance caused adverse developmental effects in rats.
C. V. Vorhees, R. E. Butcher, R. L. Brunner & T. J. Sobotka. 1981. Developmental neurobehavioural toxicity of butylated hydroxytoluene in rats. Food and cosmetics toxicology 19(2), 153-62.
This peer-reviewed study reports this substance is a tumor promoter.
Colin T. Shearn, Kristofer S. Fritz & John A. Thompson. 2011. Protein damage from electrophiles and oxidants in lungs of mice chronically exposed to the tumor promoter butylated hydroxytoluene. Chemico-biological interactions 192(3), 278-86.
This peer-reviewed study reports this substance is a tumor promoter.
Haris G. Vikis, Andrew E. Gelman, Andrew Franklin, Lauren Stein, Amy Rymaszewski, Jihong Zhu, Pengyuan Liu, Jay W. Tichelaar, Alexander S. Krupnick & Ming You. 2011. Neutrophils are required for 3-methylcholanthrene-initiated, butylated hydroxytoluene-promoted lung carcinogenesis. Molecular carcinogenesis.
NTP Toxcast scored 3.5-4.5
National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis