Structurally related substances are classified by IARC as known, probable, and possible human carcinogens (International Agency for Research on Carcinogens).
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
A review article reports limited evidence of potential carcinogenicity.
Peer Reviewed Literature: Kobylewski, S. & Jacobson, M.F. 2012. Toxicology of food dyes. International journal of occupational and environmental health 18(3), 220-46.
A review article reports limited evidence of potential carcinogenicity.
Peer Reviewed Literature: Kobylewski, S. & Jacobson, M.F. 2012. Toxicology of food dyes. International journal of occupational and environmental health 18(3), 220-46.
NTP Toxcast scored 2.5-3.5
National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis
NTP Toxcast scored 2.5-3.5
National Toxicology Program (NTP): EWG Toxcast Analysis
Concerns from impurities
Impurity: ANILINE
Suspected of causing genetic defects
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Suspected of causing cancer
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes: GHS Hazard Codes
Impurity: ANILINE
Known to cause cancer
California OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment): Proposition 65 List (2020 Update)
Impurity: ANILINE
Probably carcinogenic to humans
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - Cancer
Impurity: ANILINE
Probably carcinogenic to humans
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)