Licorice and its derivative substances disrupt function of the adrenal (corticosteroid hormone) axis.
Somayeh Nazari, Maryam Rameshrad & Hossein zadeh. 2017. Toxicological Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Review. Phytotherapy research : PTR 31(11), 1635-1650.
Licorice and its constituents/derivatives affect the cardiovascular system by disrupting hormones involved in water/salt balance.
Mikkel R. Deutch, Daniela Grimm, Markus Wehland, Manfred Infanger & Marcus Krüger. 2019. Bioactive Candy: Effects of Licorice on the Cardiovascular System. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 8(10).
Licorice consumption during pregnancy is linked to adverse birth outcomes.
Somayeh Nazari, Maryam Rameshrad & Hossein zadeh. 2017. Toxicological Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Review. Phytotherapy research : PTR 31(11), 1635-1650.
Anti-androgenic effects of licorice have been observed in humans.
Paul Grant & Shamin Ramasamy. 2012. An update on plant derived anti-androgens. International journal of endocrinology and metabolism 10(2), 497-502.
Licorice derivatives have exhibited neuroprotective, sedative, and antidepressant effects in various studies, indicating a capacity to elicit nervous system effects.
Giulia Pastorino, Laura Cornara, Sónia Soares, Francisca Rodrigues & M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira. 2018. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytotherapy research : PTR 32(12), 2323-2339.
Licorice and its constituents/derivatives can impact immune function.
Giulia Pastorino, Laura Cornara, Sónia Soares, Francisca Rodrigues & M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira. 2018. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytotherapy research : PTR 32(12), 2323-2339.
Licorice and its constituents/derivatives affect the cardiovascular system by disrupting hormones involved in water/salt balance.
Mikkel R. Deutch, Daniela Grimm, Markus Wehland, Manfred Infanger & Marcus Krüger. 2019. Bioactive Candy: Effects of Licorice on the Cardiovascular System. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 8(10).
Licorice extract affected male reprodutive function in rats.
Somayeh Nazari, Maryam Rameshrad & Hossein zadeh. 2017. Toxicological Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Review. Phytotherapy research : PTR 31(11), 1635-1650.
Licorice extract exhibits estrogenic activity in vitro.
D. T. Zava, M. Blen & G. Duwe. 1997. Estrogenic activity of natural and synthetic estrogens in human breast cancer cells in culture. Environmental health perspectives 105 Suppl 3, 637-45.
Licorice extracts impacted pituitary hormone secretion in vitro and in vivo in rats.
Ho Young Lee, Dae Young Jung, Hyekyung Ha, Sam Sik Kang, Ju Sun Kim & Chungsook Kim. 2007. Induction of growth hormone release by glycyrrhizae radix on rat. Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology 40(6), 979-85.
Effects on liver enzyme function have been observed in humans and animals. Chronic exposure to licorice extract caused liver damage in fish.
Somayeh Nazari, Maryam Rameshrad & Hossein zadeh. 2017. Toxicological Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Review. Phytotherapy research : PTR 31(11), 1635-1650.