Fluoride
Williamson Town WD
Fluoride occurs naturally in surface and groundwater and is also added to drinking water by many water systems. Read More.
Fluoride has been promoted as a chemical that reduces dental cavities. Yet it is now well-established that fluoride primarily exerts its protective effects through topical mechanisms, such as sodium fluoride in toothpaste and mouthwash. In contrast, long-term ingestion of fluoride in water increases dental fluorosis, which includes mottling, pitting and weakening of the teeth. EPA's maximum legal limit is set at 4 parts per million (ppm) to prevent skeletal fluorosis, a condition where bones become brittle and more susceptible to fractures, although these effects may occur at lower doses.
Even fluoride levels of 0.7 ppm, the amount of fluoride in drinking water recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service, can result in too much fluoride for bottle-fed babies. EWG recommends that caregivers mix baby formula with fluoride-free water. The National Toxicology Program is investigating the potential for low doses of fluoride to alter thyroid function and childhood brain development.
Testing results - average by year
Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | 0.836 ppm | 11 | 10 | ND - 1.000 ppm |
2015 | 0.769 ppm | 12 | 12 | 0.130 ppm - 1.10 ppm |
2016 | 1.15 ppm | 13 | 13 | 0.000800 ppm - 7.00 ppm |
2017 | 0.622 ppm | 13 | 13 | 0.190 ppm - 1.000 ppm |
2018 | 0.655 ppm | 13 | 13 | 0.120 ppm - 0.800 ppm |
2019 | 0.505 ppm | 2 | 2 | 0.110 ppm - 0.900 ppm |
ppm = parts per million
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 4 ppm
ppm = parts per million
All test results
Date | Lab ID | Result |
---|---|---|
2014-01-08 | EHS1400001240-SR | 0.900 ppm |
2014-02-04 | EHS1400004429-SR | 0.900 ppm |
2014-03-10 | EHS1400008405-SR | 0.900 ppm |
2014-04-08 | EHS1400011217-SR | 1.000 ppm |
2014-05-13 | EHS1400014460-SR | 1.000 ppm |
2014-05-15 | 1405242-001A-IOC | ND |
2014-06-12 | EHS1400017288-SR | 0.800 ppm |
2014-07-08 | EHS1400020213-SR | 0.800 ppm |
2014-08-05 | EHS1400023830-SR | 1.000 ppm |
2014-09-17 | EHS1400029491-SR | 0.900 ppm |
2014-10-08 | EHS1400032443-SR | 1.000 ppm |
2015-01-06 | EHS1500000957-SR | 1.000 ppm |
2015-02-10 | EHS1500004965-SR | 1.10 ppm |
2015-02-12 | 1501968-001-IOC | 0.130 ppm |
2015-03-12 | EHS1500008150-SR | 0.800 ppm |
2015-04-08 | EHS1500010396-SR | 0.900 ppm |
2015-05-08 | EHS1500046252-SR | 0.800 ppm |
2015-06-10 | EHS1500049733-SR | 0.800 ppm |
2015-07-10 | EHS1500052902-SR | 0.700 ppm |
2015-08-20 | EHS1500058557-SR | 0.800 ppm |
2015-09-18 | EHS1500062684-SR | 0.800 ppm |
2015-10-08 | EHS1500064561-SR | 0.700 ppm |
2015-11-13 | EHS1500068664-SR | 0.700 ppm |
2016-01-05 | EHS1600000875-SR | 1.000 ppm |
2016-02-11 | EHS1600005188-SR | 0.800 ppm |
2016-03-08 | EHS1600011438 | 0.800 ppm |
2016-03-17 | K1603335-001A-IO | 0.180 ppm |
2016-04-06 | EHS1600017706-SR | 0.800 ppm |
2016-05-04 | EHS1600022137-SR | 0.800 ppm |
2016-06-07 | EHS1600027236-SR | 0.700 ppm |
2016-07-11 | EHS1600032810-SR | 0.700 ppm |
2016-08-23 | EHS1600040230-SR | 0.700 ppm |
2016-09-27 | EHS1600045944-SR | 7.00 ppm |
2016-10-11 | EHS1600048014-SR | 0.000800 ppm |
2016-11-08 | EHS1600052018-SR | 0.800 ppm |
2016-12-22 | EHS1600058355-SR | 0.700 ppm |
2017-01-10 | EHS1700001740-SR | 0.700 ppm |
2017-02-07 | EHS1700007840-SR | 0.600 ppm |
2017-03-07 | EHS1700014522-SR | 0.600 ppm |
2017-04-11 | EHS1700020521-SR | 0.600 ppm |
2017-04-13 | 1704201-001-IOCS | 0.190 ppm |
2017-05-02 | EHS1700024125-SR | 0.600 ppm |
2017-06-13 | EHS1700031047-SR | 0.600 ppm |
2017-07-10 | EHS1700035847-SR | 0.600 ppm |
2017-08-03 | EHS1700040337-SR | 0.600 ppm |
2017-09-05 | EHS1700045684-SR | 0.700 ppm |
2017-10-18 | EHS1700052559-01 | 0.600 ppm |
2017-11-06 | EHS1700055489-01 | 0.700 ppm |
2017-12-30 | EHS1800000452-01 | 1.000 ppm |
2018-01-17 | EHS1800003250-01 | 0.700 ppm |
2018-02-14 | EHS1800007702-01 | 0.700 ppm |
2018-03-05 | EHS1800010613-01 | 0.700 ppm |
2018-04-26 | EHS1800017774-01 | 0.700 ppm |
2018-05-10 | 1807123-001-IOCS | 0.120 ppm |
2018-05-24 | EHS1800022966-01 | 0.700 ppm |
2018-06-12 | EHS1800025979-01 | 0.700 ppm |
2018-07-30 | EHS1800033402-01 | 0.700 ppm |
2018-08-14 | EHS1800036106-01 | 0.700 ppm |
2018-09-11 | EHS1800040417-01 | 0.700 ppm |
2018-10-08 | EHS19---44958-01 | 0.700 ppm |
2018-11-06 | EHS1800049909-01 | 0.800 ppm |
2018-12-26 | EHS1900001119-01 | 0.600 ppm |
2019-01-15 | EHS1900003947-01 | 0.900 ppm |
2019-05-09 | 1906803-001-IOCS | 0.110 ppm |