1,4-Dioxane
City of Flagstaff
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | ND | 9 | 0 | ND |
| 2014 | 0.0400 ppb | 13 | 1 | ND - 0.520 ppb |
| 2015 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2016 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2017 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2018 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2019 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2013-10-23 | 201310240365AM | ND |
| 2013-10-24 | 201310250090AM | ND |
| 2013-10-24 | 201310250061AM | ND |
| 2013-10-24 | 201310250063AM | ND |
| 2013-10-24 | 201310250083AM | ND |
| 2013-10-29 | 201310300044AM | ND |
| 2013-10-29 | 201310300118AM | ND |
| 2013-10-30 | 201310310165AM | ND |
| 2013-10-31 | 201311010185AM | ND |
| 2014-01-29 | 201401300212AM | ND |
| 2014-01-29 | 201401300194AM | ND |
| 2014-04-30 | 201405020163AM | ND |
| 2014-04-30 | 201405020261AM | ND |
| 2014-04-30 | 201405020165AM | ND |
| 2014-04-30 | 201405020267AM | ND |
| 2014-04-30 | 201405020263AM | ND |
| 2014-04-30 | 201405020259AM | ND |
| 2014-05-02 | 201405060311AM | ND |
| 2014-05-29 | 201405300269AM | 0.520 ppb |
| 2014-06-12 | 201406130296AM | ND |
| 2014-07-17 | 201407180219AM | ND |
| 2014-07-17 | 201407180221AM | ND |