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EWG's Tap Water Database — 2021 UPDATE

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Haloacetic acids (HAA5)

Waipahu-Ewa-Waianae

Haloacetic acids are formed when disinfectants such as chlorine are added to tap water. The group of five haloacetic acids regulated by federal standards includes monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid. Read More.

Haloacetic acids are harmful during pregnancy and may increase the risk of cancer. Haloacetic acids are� genotoxic, which means that they induce mutations and DNA damage. Multiple studies by the National Toxicology Program have demonstrated the cancer-causing properties of individual haloacetic acids in laboratory animals. The Department of Health and Human Services is currently considering listing di- or tri-haloacetic acids for possible inclusion in its comprehensive Report on Carcinogens.

Click here to read more about disinfection byproducts.

MORE ABOUT THIS CONTAMINANT

 

72

Samples

0

Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)

1

Samples exceeding
health guidelines

Testing results - average by year

 
YearAverage resultSamples takenDetectionsRange of results
2013N/A00N/A
2014ND120ND
20150.267 ppb121ND - 3.20 ppb
2016ND120ND
2017ND120ND
2018ND120ND
2019ND120ND

ppb = parts per billion

State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines

EWG Health Guideline 0.1 ppb

The EWG Health Guideline of 0.1 ppb for the group of five haloacetic acids, or HAA5, was defined in a peer-reviewed scientific study by EWG and represents a one-in-a-million lifetime cancer risk level. This health guideline protects against cancer.

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 60 ppb

The legal limit for the group of five haloacetic acids (HAA5), established in 1998, was based on the need for residual disinfectant levels in water served to customers and the cost of treatment. This limit does not fully protect against the risk of cancer and harm to the developing fetus due to exposure to haloacetic acids.

ppb = parts per billion

All test results

Date Lab ID Result
2014-03-10201403120663ND
2014-03-10201403120660ND
2014-03-11201403130596ND
2014-06-02201406040809ND
2014-06-02201406040808ND
2014-06-03201406070097ND
2014-09-09201409120805ND
2014-09-10201409120802ND
2014-09-10201409120803ND
2014-12-01201412040365ND
2014-12-02201412040363ND
2014-12-02201412040362ND
2015-01-06201501080390ND
2015-01-06201501080391ND
2015-01-06201501080399ND
2015-04-01201504030241ND
2015-04-01201504030242ND
2015-04-01201504030243ND
2015-07-072015070801643.20 ppb
2015-07-13201507150564ND
2015-07-13201507150565ND
2015-10-05201510070195ND
2015-10-06201509160114ND
2015-10-06201509160115ND
2016-01-09ND
2016-01-12ND
2016-01-12ND
2016-04-06ND
2016-04-06ND
2016-04-19ND
2016-07-05ND
2016-07-05ND
2016-07-06ND
2016-10-06ND
2016-10-06ND
2016-10-06ND
2017-01-06ND
2017-01-10ND
2017-01-17ND
2017-04-05ND
2017-04-10ND
2017-04-17ND
2017-07-03ND
2017-07-03ND
2017-07-03ND
2017-10-03ND
2017-10-03ND
2017-10-05ND
2018-01-10201801030087ND
2018-01-10201801030082ND
2018-01-12201801030081ND
2018-04-02201804040973ND
2018-04-02201804040970ND
2018-04-02201804040971ND
2018-07-06201807111062ND
2018-07-06201807111063ND
2018-07-09201807111359ND
2018-10-03201810050561ND
2018-10-05201810090640ND
2018-10-05201810090639ND
2019-01-11201901150154ND
2019-01-11201901150153ND
2019-01-17201901180119ND
2019-04-02201904040155ND
2019-04-02201904040154ND
2019-04-03201904050204ND
2019-07-08201907100468ND
2019-07-08201907100467ND
2019-07-09201907110400ND
2019-10-04201910080585ND
2019-10-07201910090557ND
2019-10-07201910090558ND