Milford City Public Water System
EWG's drinking water quality report shows results of tests conducted by the water utility and provided to the Environmental Working Group by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency - Division of Drinking and Ground Waters, as well as information from the U.S. EPA Enforcement and Compliance History database (ECHO). For the latest quarter assessed by the U.S. EPA (January 2021 - March 2021), tap water provided by this water utility was in compliance with federal health-based drinking water standards.
Utility Details
- Milford, Ohio
- Serves: 6,400
- Data available: 2014-2019
- Source: Groundwater
Contaminants Detected
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See the guideContaminants Detected
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
Potential Effect: cancer14x EWG'S HEALTH GUIDELINE1,2,3-Trichloropropane
more aboutthis contaminant
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a potent carcinogen that contaminates drinking water in agricultural regions where it was historically used as soil fumigant. Click here to read more about carcinogenic VOCs.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane was found at 14 times above EWG's Health Guideline.
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.0007 ppb for 1,2,3-trichloropropane was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Bromochloroacetic acid
Potential Effect: 139x EWG'S HEALTH GUIDELINEBromochloroacetic acid
more aboutthis contaminant
Bromochloroacetic acid is formed when chlorine or other disinfectants are used to treat drinking water. Bromochloroacetic acid and other disinfection byproducts increase the risk of cancer and may cause problems during pregnancy.
Bromochloroacetic acid was found at 139 times above EWG's Health Guideline.
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.02 ppb for bromochloroacetic acid was defined in a peer-reviewed scientific study by EWG and represents a on-in-a-million lifetime cancer risk level. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Treatment Byproducts
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Bromodichloromethane
Potential Effect: cancer39x EWG'S HEALTH GUIDELINEBromodichloromethane
more aboutthis contaminant
Bromodichloromethane, one of the total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), is formed when chlorine or other disinfectants are used to treat drinking water. Bromodichloromethane and other disinfection byproducts increase the risk of cancer and may cause problems during pregnancy. Click here to read more about disinfection byproducts.
Bromodichloromethane was found at 39 times above EWG's Health Guideline.
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.06 ppb for bromodichloromethane was proposed in 2018 by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
Pollution Sources
Treatment Byproducts
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Bromoform
Potential Effect: cancer2.9x EWG'S HEALTH GUIDELINEBromoform
more aboutthis contaminant
Bromoform, one of the total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), is formed when chlorine or other disinfectants are used to treat drinking water. Bromoform and other disinfection byproducts increase the risk of cancer and may cause problems during pregnancy. Click here to read more about disinfection byproducts.
Bromoform was found at 2.9 times above EWG's Health Guideline.
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.5 ppb for bromoform was proposed in 2018 by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
Pollution Sources
Treatment Byproducts
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Chloroform
Potential Effect: cancer4.4x EWG'S HEALTH GUIDELINEChloroform
more aboutthis contaminant
Chloroform, one of the total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), is formed when chlorine or other disinfectants are used to treat drinking water. Chloroform and other disinfection byproducts increase the risk of cancer and may cause problems during pregnancy.
Chloroform was found at 4.4 times above EWG's Health Guideline.
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.4 ppb for chloroform was proposed in 2018 by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
Pollution Sources
Treatment Byproducts
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Dibromoacetic acid
Potential Effect: 84x EWG'S HEALTH GUIDELINEDibromoacetic acid
more aboutthis contaminant
Dibromoacetic acid, one of the group of five haloacetic acids regulated by federal standards, is formed when chlorine or other disinfectants are used to treat drinking water. Haloacetic acids and other disinfection byproducts increase the risk of cancer and may cause problems during pregnancy. Click here to read more about disinfection byproducts.
Dibromoacetic acid was found at 84 times above EWG's Health Guideline.
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.04 ppb for dibromoacetic acid was defined in a peer-reviewed scientific study by EWG and represents a on-in-a-million lifetime cancer risk level. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Treatment Byproducts
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Dibromochloromethane
Potential Effect: cancer27x EWG'S HEALTH GUIDELINEDibromochloromethane
more aboutthis contaminant
Dibromochloromethane, one of the total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), is formed when chlorine or other disinfectants are used to treat drinking water. Dibromochloromethane and other disinfection byproducts increase the risk of cancer and may cause problems during pregnancy. Click here to read more about disinfection byproducts.
Dibromochloromethane was found at 27 times above EWG's Health Guideline.
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.1 ppb for dibromochloromethane was proposed in 2018 by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
Pollution Sources
Treatment Byproducts
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Dichloroacetic acid
Potential Effect: cancer11x EWG'S HEALTH GUIDELINEDichloroacetic acid
more aboutthis contaminant
Dichloroacetic acid, one of the group of five haloacetic acids regulated by federal standards, is formed when chlorine or other disinfectants are used to treat drinking water. Haloacetic acids and other disinfection byproducts increase the risk of cancer and may cause problems during pregnancy. Click here to read more about disinfection byproducts.
Dichloroacetic acid was found at 11 times above EWG's Health Guideline.
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.2 ppb for dichloroacetic acid was proposed in 2020 by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk.a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
Pollution Sources
Treatment Byproducts
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Haloacetic acids (HAA5)†
Potential Effect: cancer57x EWG'S HEALTH GUIDELINEHaloacetic acids (HAA5)
more aboutthis contaminant
Haloacetic acids are formed when disinfectants such as chlorine are added to tap water. The group of five haloacetic acids regulated by federal standards includes monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid.
Haloacetic acids (HAA5) was found at 57 times above EWG's Health Guideline.
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.1 ppb for the group of five haloacetic acids, or HAA5, was defined in a peer-reviewed scientific study by EWG and represents a one-in-a-million lifetime cancer risk level. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Treatment Byproducts
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Nitrate
Potential Effect: cancer21x EWG'S HEALTH GUIDELINENitrate
more aboutthis contaminant
Nitrate, a fertilizer chemical, frequently contaminates drinking water due to agricultural and urban runoff, and discharges from municipal wastewater treatment plants and septic tanks. Excessive nitrate in water can cause oxygen deprivation in infants and increase the risk of cancer. Click here to read more about nitrate.
Nitrate was found at 21 times above EWG's Health Guideline.
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppm = parts per million
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.14 ppm for nitrate was defined by EWG . This health guideline protects against cancer and harm to fetal growth and development.
Pollution Sources
Agriculture
Runoff & Sprawl
Naturally Occurring
Filtering Options
Reverse Osmosis
Ion Exchange
Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)
Potential Effect: cancer29x EWG'S HEALTH GUIDELINETetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)
more aboutthis contaminant
Dry cleaning chemical tetrachloroethylene, or perc, can cause cancer. It pollutes soil and groundwater due to emissions from dry cleaning facilities, and automotive, metalworking and other industries.
Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) was found at 29 times above EWG's Health Guideline.
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.06 ppb for tetrachloroethylene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs)†
Potential Effect: cancer197x EWG'S HEALTH GUIDELINETotal trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
more aboutthis contaminant
Trihalomethanes are cancer-causing contaminants that form during water treatment with chlorine and other disinfectants. The total trihalomethanes group includes four chemicals: chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform.
Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) was found at 197 times above EWG's Health Guideline.
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The health guideline of 0.15 parts per billion, or ppb, for the group of four trihalomethanes, or THM4/TTHM, was defined in a peer-reviewed scientific study by EWG and represents a one-in-one-million lifetime cancer risk level.Pollution Sources
Treatment Byproducts
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Includes chemicals detected in 2017-2019 for which annual utility averages exceeded an EWG-selected health guideline established by a federal or state public health authority; chemicals detected under the EPA's Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 3) program in 2013 to 2015 (and subsequent testing when available), for which annual utility averages exceeded a health guideline established by a federal or state public health authority.
† HAA5 is a contaminant group that includes monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid. HAA9 is a contaminant group that includes the chemicals in HAA5 and bromochloroacetic acid, bromodichloroacetic acid, chlorodibromoacetic acid and tribromoacetic acid. TTHM is a contaminant group that includes bromodichloromethane, bromoform, chloroform and dibromochloromethane.
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
more aboutthis contaminant
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane is a synthetic chemical used in metal degreasing and as an intermediate in industrial chemical production.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 1 ppb for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
Pollution Sources
Industry
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
more aboutthis contaminant
1,1,1-Trichloroethane is a solvent and a degreasing agent used for manufacturing metal products and as ingredient in cleaners and aerosols. Exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane can harm the nervous system, liver and circulatory system.
How your levels compare
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
more aboutthis contaminant
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane is an industrial chemical which has been used as a metal degreaser, and in paint, paint removers, mothballs and pesticides. It damages the liver and nervous system, and may cause cancer.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.1 ppb for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
more aboutthis contaminant
1,1,2-Trichloroethane is a volatile neurotoxic solvent used for manufacturing products such as plastic wrap and carpet backing. It causes liver tumors in animal studies.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.3 ppb for 1,1,2-trichloroethane was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
1,1-Dichloroethane
more aboutthis contaminant
1,1-Dichloroethane is used in industrial chemical synthesis; in plastics, paint, varnish and finish removers; and as a pesticide. It can cause cancer.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 3 ppb for 1,1-dichloroethane was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
1,1-Dichloroethylene
more aboutthis contaminant
1,1-Dichloroethylene is used for plastics production. It damages DNA and causes cancer in laboratory animal studies.
How your levels compare
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
1,1-Dichloropropene
more aboutthis contaminant
1,1-Dichloropropene is an industrial chemical.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
more aboutthis contaminant
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene is a solvent and an intermediate for chemical manufacturing that was used historically as an insecticide for termite control. The National Toxicology Program lists it as a "reasonably anticipated" human carcinogen.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
more aboutthis contaminant
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene is an industrial solvent that can harm the adrenal glands and may increase the risk of cancer.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 5 ppb for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against hormone disruption.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
more aboutthis contaminant
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene is a chemical intermediate, industrial solvent and component of gasoline, coal tar and petroleum products. In laboratory animal studies, it harms the adrenal glands.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
1,2-Dichloroethane
more aboutthis contaminant
1,2-Dichloroethane is a volatile carcinogenic chemical used to make plastic products such as polyvinyl chloride.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.4 ppb for 1,2-dichloroethane was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
1,2-Dichloropropane
more aboutthis contaminant
1,2-Dichloropropane is a volatile carcinogenic solvent discharged from chemical factories and landfills. It also contaminates farmland due to its former use as a soil fumigant.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.5 ppb for 1,2-dichloropropane was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Agriculture
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
more aboutthis contaminant
1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is a neurotoxic, volatile chemical found in gasoline, and used as a solvent and paint thinner.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
1,3-Dichloropropane
more aboutthis contaminant
1,3-Dichloropropane is an industrial solvent uncommonly detected in drinking water.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
1,3-Dichloropropene
more aboutthis contaminant
1,3-Dichloropropene is a volatile cancer-causing chemical primarily used as a nematocide to fumigate agricultural soils. It exists in two different forms: cis-1,3-dichloropropene and trans-1,3-dichloropropene.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.2 ppb for 1,3-dichloropropene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Agriculture
2,2-Dichloropropane
more aboutthis contaminant
2,2-Dichloropropane is an industrial chemical.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Barium is a mineral present in rocks, soil and water. High concentrations of barium in drinking water increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 700 ppb for barium was defined by EWG as benchmark that protects against harm to the kidneys and the cardiovascular system.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Naturally Occurring
Filtering Options
Reverse Osmosis
Ion Exchange
Benzene
more aboutthis contaminant
Benzene is a known human carcinogen. It also damages blood cells and the nervous system. Emissions from petroleum processing, hazardous waste landfills and underground storage tanks contaminate drinking water with benzene.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.15 ppb for benzene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Bromobenzene
more aboutthis contaminant
Bromobenzene is an industrial chemical.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Bromochloromethane
more aboutthis contaminant
Bromochloromethane is a tap water disinfection byproduct; it is also used as an intermediate in chemical manufacturing and as a fire extinguishing agent. Disinfection byproducts in drinking water increase the risk of cancer.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Treatment Byproducts
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Bromomethane
more aboutthis contaminant
Bromomethane, or methyl bromide, is a pesticide fumigant that was banned because it depletes the ozone layer.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Agriculture
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Carbon tetrachloride
more aboutthis contaminant
Carbon tetrachloride, a volatile carcinogenic solvent, has been used in industrial chemical production and as a dry cleaning ingredient.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.1 ppb for carbon tetrachloride was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Chloroethane
more aboutthis contaminant
Chloroethane is a volatile solvent used in manufacturing, and as a refrigerant and aerosol propellant.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Chloromethane
more aboutthis contaminant
Chloromethane is an industrial solvent, aerosol propellant and a refrigerant. It also forms as a byproduct of water disinfection. The EPA classifies chloromethane as possibly carcinogenic to humans.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 2.69 ppb for chloromethane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a benchmark for testing under the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule program. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Treatment Byproducts
Naturally Occurring
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
more aboutthis contaminant
1,2-Dichloroethylene, a neurotoxic solvent, exists in two different forms: trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene. A mixture of the two forms is used to manufacture other solvents and chemical products.
How your levels compare
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
more aboutthis contaminant
1,3-Dichloropropene is a volatile cancer-causing chemical primarily used as a nematocide to fumigate agricultural soils. It exists in two different forms: cis-1,3-dichloropropene and trans-1,3-dichloropropene.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Agriculture
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Dibromomethane
more aboutthis contaminant
Dibromomethane is an industrial chemical and is also formed when disinfectants like chlorine are added to drinking water.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Treatment Byproducts
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Dichlorodifluoromethane
more aboutthis contaminant
Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon-12) is a refrigerant, solvent and aerosol propellant banned in 2000 under the Montreal Protocol because of its ozone-depleting properties. Freons can cause heart, nervous system and liver damage.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Dichloromethane (methylene chloride)
Dichloromethane (methylene chloride)
more aboutthis contaminant
Methylene chloride is a common industrial solvent used for paint stripping, vapor degreasing, printing, electronics manufacturing and cleaning. It causes cancer and liver damage in animal studies.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 4 ppb for dichloromethane (methylene chloride) was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Ethylbenzene
more aboutthis contaminant
Ethylbenzene, a component of petroleum, is a volatile cancer-causing chemical primarily used for production of plastics and rubber. Ethylbenzene is also released from gasoline fuel emissions.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 300 ppb for ethylbenzene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against harm to internal organs.
Pollution Sources
Agriculture
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Fluoride
more aboutthis contaminant
Fluoride occurs naturally in surface and groundwater and is also added to drinking water by many water systems.
How your levels compare
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppm = parts per million
Pollution Sources
Treatment Byproducts
Filtering Options
Reverse Osmosis
Hexachlorobutadiene
more aboutthis contaminant
Hexachlorobutadiene is an industrial chemical and possible human carcinogen.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Isopropylbenzene
more aboutthis contaminant
Isopropylbenzene, also called cumene, is an intermediate in industrial chemical production, and is also used as a thinner for paints and enamels. The National Toxicology Program classifies isopropylbenzene as a "reasonably anticipated" human carcinogen.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
m-Dichlorobenzene
more aboutthis contaminant
m-Dichlorobenzene is an industrial chemical.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Agriculture
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Monochlorobenzene (chlorobenzene)
Monochlorobenzene (chlorobenzene)
more aboutthis contaminant
Monochlorobenzene is used as a solvent for pesticides, a degreasing agent and an intermediate for manufacturing other chemicals. It causes liver and kidney damage in studies of laboratory animals.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 70 ppb for monochlorobenzene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against harm to internal organs.
Pollution Sources
Agriculture
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
MTBE was used as gasoline oxygenation additive to boost the octane number. In 2005, MTBE was replaced by ethanol as a gasoline additive. MTBE causes cancers in rats.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 13 ppb for MTBE was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
n-Butylbenzene
more aboutthis contaminant
n-Butylbenzene is an industrial chemical.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
n-Propylbenzene
more aboutthis contaminant
n-Propylbenzene is a constituent of petroleum and coal, used for chemical manufacturing and in textile dyeing and printing.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Naphthalene
more aboutthis contaminant
Naphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, or PAH, released from combustion of fossil fuels and waste incinerators, and also used as a moth repellent. PAHs increase the risk of cancer; damage the immune, nervous and reproductive systems; and can harm developing fetuses.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
o-Chlorotoluene
more aboutthis contaminant
o-Chlorotoluene, also called benzyl chloride, is a solvent and a chemical intermediate used for manufacturing industrial and consumer products.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
o-Dichlorobenzene
more aboutthis contaminant
o-Dichlorobenzene is used as a chemical intermediate for making agricultural herbicides. It is toxic to the liver, kidneys and the nervous system, and causes cancer in animal studies.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 600 ppb for o-dichlorobenzene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against harm to internal organs.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
p-Chlorotoluene
more aboutthis contaminant
p-Chlorotoluene is an industrial chemical.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
p-Dichlorobenzene
more aboutthis contaminant
p-Dichlorobenzene is a carcinogenic insecticide used in mothballs, and added to deodorant blocks made for trash cans and toilets. Long-term exposure can cause liver damage and kidney problems.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 6 ppb for p-dichlorobenzene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Agriculture
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
p-Isopropyltoluene
more aboutthis contaminant
p-Isopropyltoluene is a volatile solvent derived from coal distillation and petrochemical processing.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
sec-Butylbenzene
more aboutthis contaminant
sec-Butylbenzene is an industrial chemical.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Styrene
more aboutthis contaminant
Styrene is a volatile cancer-causing chemical used for manufacturing Styrofoam (polystyrene) and other plastics. Releases from industrial production sites and hazardous waste landfills cause styrene contamination in drinking water.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.5 ppb for styrene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
tert-Butylbenzene
more aboutthis contaminant
tert-Butylbenzene is an industrial chemical.
How your levels compare
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Toluene
more aboutthis contaminant
Toluene is a volatile solvent that harms the nervous and immune systems, damages the liver and may increase the risk of miscarriage and birth defects.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 150 ppb for toluene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against harm to internal organs.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
more aboutthis contaminant
1,2-Dichloroethylene, a neurotoxic solvent, exists in two different forms: trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene. A mixture of the two forms is used to manufacture other solvents and chemical products.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 60 ppb for trans-1,2-dichloroethylene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against harm to internal organs.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Trichloroacetic acid
more aboutthis contaminant
Trichloroacetic acid, one of the group of five haloacetic acids regulated by federal standards, is formed when chlorine or other disinfectants are used to treat drinking water. Haloacetic acids and other disinfection byproducts increase the risk of cancer and may cause problems during pregnancy. Click here to read more about disinfection byproducts.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.1 ppb for trichloroacetic acid was proposed in 2020 by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk.a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
Pollution Sources
Treatment Byproducts
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Trichloroethylene
more aboutthis contaminant
Trichloroethylene, an industrial solvent and common groundwater pollutant, damages the immune system, harms the developing fetus and causes cancer.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.4 ppb for trichloroethylene was defined by the state of Minnesota as health risk limit, the concentration of a contaminant that can be consumed with little or no risk to health. This health guideline protects against harm to the developing fetus and damage to the immune system.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Trichlorofluoromethane
more aboutthis contaminant
Trichlorofluoromethane (Freon 11) is a refrigerant, solvent and aerosol propellant banned in 2000 under the Montreal Protocol because of its ozone-depleting properties. Freons can cause heart, nervous system and liver damage.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 1,300 ppb for trichlorofluoromethane was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against harm to internal organs.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Vinyl chloride
more aboutthis contaminant
Vinyl chloride is a known human carcinogen used for production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. Discharges from plastics manufacturing can contaminate drinking water with vinyl chloride.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.05 ppb for vinyl chloride was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Xylenes (total)
more aboutthis contaminant
Xylenes are solvents used in industrial and consumer products, such as cleaning agents and paint thinners. Xylenes cause nervous system damage and may harm developing fetuses.
How your levels compare
EWG Health Guideline
This Utility
Legal Limit
National Average
State Average
ppb = parts per billion
Health Risks
The EWG Health Guideline of 1,800 ppb for xylenes was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against harm to the brain and nervous system.
Pollution Sources
Industry
Runoff & Sprawl
Filtering Options
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Includes chemicals detected in 2017-2019 for which annual utility averages were lower than an EWG-selected health guideline established by a federal or state public health authority; chemicals detected under the EPA's Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 3) program in 2013 to 2015 (and subsequent testing when available), for which annual utility averages were lower than an EWG-selected health guideline established by a federal or state public health authority.
Other Contaminants Tested
✕Milford City Public Water System compliance with legally mandated federal standards:
- From April 2019 to March 2021, Milford City Public Water System complied with health-based drinking water standards.
- 12 QUARTERSin violation of any federal drinking water standard from April 2019 to March 2021
Information in this section on Milford City Public Water System comes from the U.S. EPA Enforcement and Compliance History Online database (ECHO).
LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS UTILITYWater Filters That Can Reduce Contaminant Levels
Contaminant | Activated Carbon | Reverse Osmosis | Ion Exchange |
CONTAMINANTS ABOVE HEALTH GUIDELINES | |||
1,2,3-Trichloropropane | ✔ | ✔ | |
Bromochloroacetic acid | ✔ | ✔ | |
Bromodichloromethane | ✔ | ✔ | |
Bromoform | ✔ | ✔ | |
Chloroform | ✔ | ✔ | |
Dibromoacetic acid | ✔ | ✔ | |
Dibromochloromethane | ✔ | ✔ | |
Dichloroacetic acid | ✔ | ✔ | |
Haloacetic acids (HAA5) | ✔ | ✔ | |
Nitrate | ✔ | ✔ | |
Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) | ✔ | ✔ | |
Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) | ✔ | ✔ | |
OTHER CONTAMINANTS DETECTED | |||
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane | |||
1,1,1-Trichloroethane | ✔ | ✔ | |
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane | ✔ | ✔ | |
1,1,2-Trichloroethane | ✔ | ✔ | |
1,1-Dichloroethane | ✔ | ✔ | |
1,1-Dichloroethylene | ✔ | ✔ | |
1,1-Dichloropropene | ✔ | ✔ | |
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene | ✔ | ✔ | |
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene | ✔ | ✔ | |
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | ✔ | ✔ | |
1,2-Dichloroethane | ✔ | ✔ | |
1,2-Dichloropropane | ✔ | ✔ | |
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene | ✔ | ✔ | |
1,3-Dichloropropane | ✔ | ✔ | |
1,3-Dichloropropene | |||
2,2-Dichloropropane | ✔ | ✔ | |
Barium | ✔ | ✔ | |
Benzene | ✔ | ✔ | |
Bromobenzene | |||
Bromochloromethane | ✔ | ✔ | |
Bromomethane | ✔ | ✔ | |
Carbon tetrachloride | ✔ | ✔ | |
Chloroethane | ✔ | ✔ | |
Chloromethane | ✔ | ✔ | |
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene | ✔ | ✔ | |
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene | ✔ | ✔ | |
Dibromomethane | ✔ | ✔ | |
Dichlorodifluoromethane | |||
Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) | ✔ | ✔ | |
Ethylbenzene | ✔ | ✔ | |
Fluoride | ✔ | ||
Hexachlorobutadiene | ✔ | ✔ | |
Isopropylbenzene | ✔ | ✔ | |
m-Dichlorobenzene | ✔ | ✔ | |
Monochlorobenzene (chlorobenzene) | ✔ | ✔ | |
MTBE | ✔ | ✔ | |
n-Butylbenzene | ✔ | ✔ | |
n-Propylbenzene | ✔ | ✔ | |
Naphthalene | ✔ | ✔ | |
o-Chlorotoluene | ✔ | ✔ | |
o-Dichlorobenzene | ✔ | ✔ | |
p-Chlorotoluene | ✔ | ✔ | |
p-Dichlorobenzene | ✔ | ✔ | |
p-Isopropyltoluene | ✔ | ✔ | |
sec-Butylbenzene | ✔ | ✔ | |
Styrene | ✔ | ✔ | |
tert-Butylbenzene | |||
Toluene | ✔ | ✔ | |
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene | ✔ | ✔ | |
Trichloroacetic acid | ✔ | ✔ | |
Trichloroethylene | ✔ | ✔ | |
Trichlorofluoromethane | |||
Vinyl chloride | ✔ | ✔ | |
Xylenes (total) | ✔ | ✔ |
Take Action
Contact Your Local Official
One of the best ways to push for cleaner water is to hold accountable the elected officials who have a say in water quality – from city hall and the state legislature to Congress all the way to the Oval Office – by asking questions and demanding answers.
LEARN MOREFilter Out Contaminants
Check out our recommendations for filters to protect your water against the detected contaminants.
EWG’S WATER FILTER GUIDE